你需要知道的腹腔镜外科手术（Keyhole的外科）

机器翻译：
腹腔镜手术是什么？

也称为锁孔手术，腹腔镜手术，是一种方法，进行的操作，而无需使一个大的切口（的情况一样，与传统的或“开放式”手术）。手术疤痕之间2毫米 - 10毫米的长度。

许多类型的操作可以采用腹腔镜手术。这些措施包括阑尾炎，腹股沟疝，胆囊切除，腹疝，多汗症，肾上腺肿块，贲门失弛缓症，胃食管返流，和其他大多数的常规操作。

返回页首

'开放'手术腹腔镜手术的优势是什么？

'开放'的手术相比，谁接受腹腔镜手术的患者往往恢复得更快，体验副作用较少，感觉不到手术后的疼痛。需要住院治疗的持续时间也减少了。

一个常见副作用是'开放'的手术形成的粘连，内脏粘在一起，并形成瘢痕组织乐队的条件。粘连可以是痛苦的，并引起肠梗阻。腹腔镜手术粘连的风险降低。

返回页首

是否有任何风险或腹腔镜手术的副作用？

所有的操作，包括腹腔镜手术，随身携带一个小的感染和出血的风险。在外科手术中使用的麻醉也带有并发症的风险，可能会导致副作用。这些措施包括恶心，呕吐，咽痛，头痛，头晕和肩部疼痛。这些通常都是短命的，不需要任何专门的护理。远程伤害可能涉及的肠子和血管，这将需要“开放”的手术。

返回页首

是否有替代腹腔镜手术吗？

开展腹腔镜手术，可以进行所有的操作，使用“开放式”手术。然而，'开放'的手术都有自己的缺点。

返回页首

每个人都适合腹腔镜手术吗？

大多数患者是腹腔镜手术的合适人选。然而，有些人可能无法继续由于腹腔镜手术的原因，如妊娠晚期或术中意外发现'开放'手术是必要的。你的医生将能够告诉你的手术方案更适合你的病情。

返回页首

腹腔镜手术是如何进行的？

一种无害的气体被泵入后，在腹部外科医生操作以建立空间很小的切口。查看设备（包括连接到电视监视器上的摄像机），然后，将外科手术器械通过切​​口插入到新形成的空间。有了一个清晰的图像投射到显示器上的操作字段，然后外科医生进行该操作。

返回页首

我该如何准备手术吗？

'开放'和腹腔镜手术前和手术后的护理需要的类型是相同的。

入院手术前，您将收到一封信，列出你需要的东西做/注意准备手术（如手术前的时间长度不能大吃大喝）。重要的是要遵循所有的指令，以确保您的手术能如期进行。

您的医生会解释的程序，并回答任何问题，你可能有。您还需要签署手术同意书。还将讨论麻醉师麻醉选择。如果您有任何医疗条件（如药物过敏），请告知医生。

返回页首

手术后，我可以期待什么？

手术后，你将被送往恢复室的麻醉效果，让穿脱。此后，你就会被赶走的手术后护理。

如果需要，您可以要求缓解疼痛的选项，例如：

• 口服药物
• 护士或病人自控镇痛（NCA或PCA）。不论是由护士或病人需要缓解疼痛的量可以调整。
  

手术后，你可能不能够吃或喝了几个小时，将放在一个静脉滴注。

返回页首

出院后需要注意的事情，我是什么？

出院后，你可能需要一些缓解疼痛的药物。对乙酰氨基酚通常是足够的，但如果需要的话，你的医生可以给你开更强的止痛药。这些处方药物，可以从医院药房获得。

尝试尽可能休息，避免剧烈的活动，让你的身体恢复。

大多数患者感觉不够好，恢复正常活动，并重返工作岗位，手术后一周。你的医生会建议你可以采取更有力的活动和运动的时候。

重要提示：

您将需要，返回评论预约与您的医生在手术后约四到六周。

请看到你的医生，如果你有以下症状：

• 剧烈的疼痛（该药物似乎并没有缓解）
• 红，发炎的伤口部位比周围的皮肤感到温暖。
• 渗出伤口。
  

原文：
What is laparoscopic surgery?

Laparoscopic surgery, also known as keyhole surgery, is a method of carrying out an operation without having to make a large incision (as is the case with conventional or ‘open’ surgery). Surgical scars are between 2mm – 10 mm in length.

Many types of operations can be performed using laparoscopic surgery. These include appendicitis, inguinal hernia, gallbladder removal, ventral hernia, hyperhidrosis, adrenal mass, achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux, and most other conventional operations.

Back to Top

What are the advantages of laparoscopic surgery over ‘open’ surgery?

Compared to ‘open’ surgery, patients who have undergone laparoscopic surgery tend to recover more quickly, experience fewer side effects and feel less post-operative pain. The duration of hospitalisation required is also reduced.

A common side effect of ‘open’ surgery is the formation of adhesions, a condition where internal organs stick together and form bands of scar tissue. Adhesions can be painful and cause bowel obstruction. The risk of adhesions is reduced in laparoscopic surgery.

Back to Top

Are there any risks or side effects of laparoscopic surgery?

All operations, including laparoscopic surgeries, carry a small risk of infection and bleeding. Anesthesia used in surgery also carries a risk of complication and may result in side effects. These include nausea, vomiting, sore throat, headache, dizziness and shoulder pain. These are usually short-lived and do not require any specialised care. Remote injuries may involve the bowels and vessels which will require ‘open’ surgery.

Back to Top

Are there alternatives to laparoscopic surgery?

All operations carried out as laparoscopic surgery can be carried out using ‘open’ surgery. However, ‘open’ surgery has its own disadvantages as listed previously.

Back to Top

Is everyone suitable for laparoscopic surgery?

Most patients would be suitable candidates for laparoscopic surgery. However, some may not be able proceed with laparoscopic surgery due to reasons such as late pregnancy or unexpected intraoperative findings where ‘open’ surgery is needed. Your doctor will be able to advise you on the surgical options that are more suited for your condition.

Back to Top

How is laparoscopic surgery carried out?

Small incisions are made in the abdomen after which a harmless gas is pumped in to create space for the surgeon to operate. Viewing equipment (comprising of a camera connected to a TV monitor) and surgical instruments are then inserted through the incisions into the newly formed space. With a clear image of the operating field projected onto the monitor, the surgeon then carries out the operation.

Back to Top

How can I prepare for surgery?

The types of pre- and post-operative care required for ‘open’ and laparoscopic surgery are the same.

Prior to hospital admission for surgery, you will receive a letter listing the things you need to do/note to prepare for surgery (e.g. not eating and drinking for a length of time before surgery). It is important to follow all the instructions to ensure that your surgery can proceed as scheduled.

Your surgeon will explain the procedure and also answer any questions that you may have. You will also need to sign a consent form for surgery. The anaesthetist will also discuss the anesthesia options to you. If you have any medical conditions (such as drug allergies), please inform the doctors.

Back to Top

What can I expect after the operation?

After surgery, you will be taken to the recovery room to allow the effects of anaesthesia to wear off. Thereafter, you will be warded for post-operative care.

If required, you can request for pain relief options such as:

• Oral medication
• Nurse or patient-controlled analgesia (NCA or PCA). The amount of pain relief needed can be adjusted by either the nurse or the patient.
  

After surgery, you may not be able to eat or drink for a few hours and will be put on a intravenous drip.

Back to Top

What are the things that I need to note after discharge?

After discharge, you may need some medication for pain relief. Paracetamol will normally suffice but if required, your doctor can prescribe you stronger pain relief medication. These prescribed medicines can be obtained from the hospital pharmacies.

Try to rest as much as possible and refrain from vigorous activities to allow your body to recover.

Most patients feel well enough to resume their normal activities and return to work, a week after the operation. Your doctor will advise when you can take up more vigorous activities and sports.

IMPORTANT:

You will need to return for a review appointment with your doctor in about four to six weeks after the operation.

Please see your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Intense pain (which medication does not seem to relieve)
• Wound sites that are red, inflamed and feel warmer than the surrounding skin.
• Oozing from the wound sites.
  

不错这是每位腔镜医生都应该了解的。

这是机器翻译的吧{:soso_e127:}

主要还是向患者说明的吧