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背景
铰接式腹腔镜包括带有铰接式远端以改变观察方向的刚性轴。 铰接改善了在密闭空间中操作区域的导航。 此外,致动系统的并入倾向于增强铰接式腹腔镜的控制。
方法
开发了用于操纵现成的铰接式腹腔镜(德国 Karl Storz 的 EndoCAMaleon)的范围致动系统的初步原型。 进行了一项用户研究,以评估该原型在视频辅助胸外科手术范例中的应用。 在这项研究中,受试者在两种操作模式下操纵铰接式内窥镜:(a) 外科医生使用开发的原型操纵内窥镜的驱动模式和 (b) 手术助手直接操纵内窥镜的手动模式。 根据切口处铰接范围的方向,针对多种配置进一步评估了致动模式。
结果
数据显示,在所有测量的性能参数上,启动模式的得分均优于手动模式,包括 (a) 可视化标记区域的总持续时间,(a) 示波器焦点移出预定义可视化区域的持续时间,以及 (c) 数量 范围焦点转移到预定义可视化区域之外的次数。 在使用启动模式测试的不同配置中,未观察到显著差异。
结论
与人类助手相比,所提出的铰接式范围驱动系统有助于更好地导航手术区域。 其次,无论铰接镜轴通过切口插入的方向如何,所提出的驱动系统都可以导航和可视化手术区域。
关节式腹腔镜的瞄准镜驱动系统
图 1
a 连接到摄像头(Karl Storz 的 Image1HD)的铰接式示波器(Karl Storz 的 EndoCAMeleon)。 旋转示波器后端的旋钮(如面板 A1 所示)可控制示波器角度,将观察方向从 0° 旋转到 120°(如面板 A2 所示)。 b 铰接式瞄准镜和摄像头放置在支撑板上。 齿轮机构连接到旋钮(如面板 B1 所示),由角度电机(如面板 B2 所示)接合。 启动角度电机会旋转旋钮,进而改变示波器角度。 c 示波器适配器用于承载支撑板。 支撑板沿着凹槽插入内筒(如图 C1 所示),并使用锁定销锁定到位。 d 示波器适配器配有连接器,可将组件连接到机械臂上。 内筒相对于外筒的旋转使铰接式瞄准镜沿其轴线旋转
关节式腹腔镜的瞄准镜驱动系统
图 2
拟议的系统架构,用于使用外科医生的头部运动来驱动铰接式范围。 该系统的硬件包括头部跟踪单元、离合器、接口工作站和范围适配器。 接口工作站充当计算单元来处理发往/来自不同硬件单元的命令和数据流
关节式腹腔镜的瞄准镜驱动系统
图 3
外科医生为与系统交互而执行的三种头部运动(滚动、偏航和俯仰)、系统根据感知到的头部运动产生的驱动,以及基于系统产生的驱动的手术视野变化系统
关节式腹腔镜的瞄准镜驱动系统
图 4
a 左侧卧位患者的图示,描绘了右肺叶和肋骨。 b 在右肺叶上绘制的闭环轨迹,供受试者在导航任务期间进行可视化。 c 研究中使用的人造肺模体。 d 适用于连接到 UR5 机器人操纵器的示波器,用于相对于肺模型放置铰接式示波器。 铰接范围获得的视图显示在面板 D1 中。 e 研究中使用的配置(代表铰接镜轴的方向)
关节式腹腔镜的瞄准镜驱动系统
图 5
箱线图显示用于评估导航轨道的用户研究任务的参数。 在手动和驱动操作模式下,使用铰接式瞄准镜在轨道上导航。 启动模式进一步分为六种不同的配置
关节式腹腔镜的瞄准镜驱动系统
图 6
使用 NASA-TXL 工作负载评估量表(从 1 到 10)对驱动模式和手动模式的平均分数
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