鼻内窥镜-萎缩性鼻炎（鼻臭）

                               
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This video show nose endoscopy of young lady suffering from Atrophic rhinitis or Ozaena . Endoscopy show atrophy of nasal mucosa and turbinate bones. The nasal cavities are roomy and full of foul-smelling crusts with discharge . Attempts to remove crusts may cause bleeding.

Atrophic Rhinitis is commonly seen in females and starts around puberty. Crusting and foul smell associated with disease tends to decrease after menopause .

Causes : Exact cause is not known . Various factors involved in disease causation are
1) Hormonal disturbances : Common in female , start during puberty & decrease after menopause .
2) Family history
3) Vitamins & Minerals deficiencies
4) Infections - Various organisms like Klebsiella ozaenae, diphtheroids, P. vulgaris, E.coli, Staphylococci and Streptococci are found but they are all secondary infections responsible for foul smell rather than the primary causative organisms of the disease.
5) Autoimmune

Management :

Medical - Saline Nasal wash and removal of crusts , Local antibiotics ointments , Oestradiol spray , etc .

Surgical - Modified Young's operation , Nasal cavities Narrowing by Submucosal injections , Insertion of fat, cartilage, bone or teflon strips & medial displacement of lateral wall of nose.