机器人辅助手术

Robot Assisted Surgery

                               
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Definition

Robot-assisted surgery requires the utilization of a robot underneath the direction and assistance of the surgeon.

Who performs the process and where could it be carried out?

These methods are carried out by doctors been trained in the operative method with robotic assisted surgery. The cost linked to the buying robot-assisted tools can restrict the amount of institutions in a position to provide robot-assisted surgery.

Demographics

Patients going through surgical treatments classified as neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, radio surgery and radiotherapy, prostatectomy, endoscopy, laparoscopy, cardiac surgery and craniofacial surgery may feel robot-assisted surgical techniques.

Purpose

Robot-assisted surgery offers benefits within the surgical proper care of patients. Computer-assisted robots supply exact movement and trajectories to reduce the side-effects of surgical treatment. Surgeon-guided robotics enables the doctor to get into patient anatomy with smaller sized incisions.

Morbidity and mortality rates

Problems ought to be similar to the conventional surgical treatment, as well as reduced. Some problems may be linked to the robot-assisted process.

Robotics in Orthopedic surgery

Applications for example cementless hip-replacement, total knee arthroplasties, and pedicle screw placement may benefit for that more exact cutting and drilling supplied by a robot. Femur bone-cutting equipment gives much better drilling to carve a cavity within the bone for prosthesis implant. Pins placed to the bone before surgery can be used as landmarks for computerized tomography (CT) imaging. The CT image offers the doctor using the information patient need for selecting an implant. The doctor takes away the top in the femur bone, removing the joint. The lower limb is attached in place and also the robot is brought into position. A higher speed cutter will be put on create the cavity, after which then a smoothing tool. The doctor manually places the implant to the femur and finishes the cap implant to the pelvic bone.

Robotics in Laparoscopy

In laparoscopic surgeries, 3 to 4 small incisions are created within the abdominal or thoracic cavity to place the devices and video tools. The doctor executes the operation from the remote console providing a patient with the human machine interface. The console provides video monitoring pictures which are 3d. Joysticks are utilized to manipulate the various tools inside the chest cavity to accomplish the surgical treatment.

Radiosurgery and radiotherapy

Radiation treatment methods are supplied by a robot. The CT picture or magnetic resonance image (MRI) can be used to find out in which the radiation treatment ought to be provided. The robot aligns with patient anatomy, delivering distinct doses of radiation towards the designed location.

Robotics in Neurosurgery

A higher degree of correctness is needed when working about the brain to prevent harm to the delicate brain tissue. Biopsies and minor interventions would be best aided through the robotic device. Interventions contain drilling to the skull and making an incision with the dura-mater to achieve brain tissue samples, empty cysts, or remove hemorrhage.

Robotics in Cardiac surgery

Robots are now being utilized in the heart bypass grafting surgeries and cardiac valve replacing and repair surgeries. The harvesting of artery and vein grafts may also be achieved with laparoscopic techniques.

Robotics in Prostatectomy

Elimination of any of the main prostate is yet another robot-assisted process. The robot controls equipment introduced with the urethra towards the prostate. A diathermic hot wire cutting loop is led to get rid of tissue within a suitable pattern round the urethra. Fastening the leading frame towards the upper legs from the patients safeguards these devices for accurate guidance.

Robotics in Endoscopy

Endoscopy can be used to look at patient cavities for the existence of polyps, tumors, along with other disease stated. The endoscope could be better passed through cavities like the colon or trachea. Three-dimensional pictures from the cavity are obtained and accustomed to dictate the road that'll be come to pass the endoscope. Sedation and heavy analgesia could be prevented.

Robotics in Craniofacial surgery

Difficult bone cuts and bone tumor removals are achieved efficiently using robotic devices. Preplanned trajectories are programmed to the machine. Precision cuts are created in the way wished to achieve an esthetical and satisfactory result. Since the doctor manipulates the saw, they're led across the path with an established trajectory identified during a preliminary operate on a type of the surgical site.

Questions you should ask a doctor

• Is there any institution nearby which makes use of robot-assisted surgery?
• Is the physician experienced in robot-assisted surgical methods?
• What benefits would the robot-assisted surgery offer?
• What problems could be avoided and which can be experienced with robot-assisted surgery?
  

Risks of Robotic Surgery

With a few of those methods, an extended surgical time is needed to attain the same preferred outcome since the traditional surgical approach. It comes with an enhanced risk of anesthesia related problems as surgical times improve. Additionally, when the robotic procedure isn't completed efficiently, the doctor should complete the process having a traditional technique.