淋巴结肿大概述【英文讲义】

Lymphnode Enlargement

                               
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Swollen Lymph Nodes Overview

Lymph nodes that are mistakenly called lymph glands really are the main lymphatic system, an element from the body's defense mechanisms. Swollen lymph nodes may signal contamination. There are many categories of lymph nodes that are small, bean-shaped, soft nodules of tissue. Those most often become bigger or swollen are simply within the neck, underneath the chin, within the armpits, as well as in the groin. Lymph nodes are small clusters of cells, encompassed by a capsule. Ducts go in and coming out of them. Cells in lymph nodes are lymphocytes, which create antibodies and macrophages which digest the debris. They behave as the "cleaner" cells from the body. The lymphatic system includes nodes and ducts spread all through patient’s body. They provide the lymph where the tissue fluid surrounding cells, which includes white blood cells, referred to as lymphocytes, fluid in the intestines, plus some red blood cells back to the circulation with the veins. Lymph includes a power of infectious along with other foreign substances. The lymph nodes really are a major site where unusual substances and infectious agents connect to cells from the defense mechanisms. A significant cluster from the lymph nodes may be the spleen, which, aside from other functions, likewise helps fight infections and reacts to foreign substances in patient’s body.

Swollen Lymph Nodes Causes

Various mechanisms may cause the lymph nodes to expand.

• Cancer from the Blood: Unchecked, malignant multiplication of lymphocytes as with lymphoma or leukemia
• Infection: This may boost the quantity of white blood cells, which multiply in reaction to stimulation having a foreign substance
• Cancer: Infiltration with malignant cells delivered to the node using the lymph flowing from a place of certain kind of cancer
• Virus: Immune a reaction to a generalized infection in patient’s body for example infections that may occur using the common cold in addition to more severe infections for example HIV
• Inflammation: Infiltration with inflammatory cells during infection or inflammation inside a region of the given lymph node
  

Swollen Lymph Nodes Symptoms

The signs of swollen lymph nodes rely on both location and reason for the augmentation.

Swelling of the lymph node situated inside within all patients’ body might have different outcomes from swelling of these just below patient’s skin. The blockage within the flow of lymph from swelling inside a deeper node could cause a swelling of the limb or, for instance, a chronic coughs while patient wouldn't be in a position to feel a swollen node. Patients may feel the signs of a maximum respiratory infection and feel a little bit tender nodes underneath the skin round the ears, underneath the chin, or about the upper the main neck. Some immune disorders, for example lupus or rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, could also cause generalized lymph node swelling. Sometimes there might be an epidermis infection, redness, or perhaps a sore throat and something may go through an enlarged node nearby tracking toward one's heart. Some infections for example mononucleosis or "mono," HIV, and fungal or parasitic infections could cause generalized swelling of lymph node through the body. Rarely, an individual might have a node or number of nodes that grows fast and becomes hard and can't easily be moved around underneath the skin.

When patient should Seek Health care:

Inflamed nodes are generally not really a major concern, but when you've the signs of another condition together with enlarged lymph nodes, talk to patient’s doctor.

Call patient’s physician:

If the swelling from the nodes can last for a lot more than fourteen days or else you have symptoms for example weight reduction, sweating, fatigue, or continuous fever. If the overlying skin is red and inflamed and also you suspect contamination. If the nodes are difficult, fixed towards the skin, or are growing quickly. If you are able to feel swelling near to patient’s collarbone or perhaps in the low the main neck. Diagnosing of swollen lymph node hardly ever need emergency medical therapy. The exceptions for this incorporate a growing infection of patient’s skin that needs treatment, a seriously infected lymph node that should be drained or extreme pain.

Exams and Tests

The doctor asks the individual about any connected symptom and executes a physical examination. On follow-up, a biopsy from the swollen node may be required. An example from the tissue will be removed throughout a short procedure and examined with a pathologist within microscope to look for the reason for the swelling. Depending about the extent from the problem, a doctor may order blood tests, x-rays, along with a CT scan from the affected region.

Swollen Lymph Nodes Treatment

Self-Care in patient’s own home

If an individual has the signs of a cold or other minor infection that they might or might not take antibiotics, provide the nodes about fourteen days revisit normal. No specific treatment methods are needed. Children are apt to have a far more active lymphatic system, so their nodes may go through enlarged. If the nodes are small, have been in the groin or underneath the chin, and you're simply an adult, this really is considered normal.

Outlook

Within the most of cases, swollen lymph nodes resolve without any other concerns.

Treatment

A lymph node that's growing rapidly more than one to 2 days includes a different cause and treatment than generalized swelling of lymph nodes occurring in a couple of months. Express concerns having a doctor during the time of examination as this helps you to begin a diagnosis. If there's a localized abscess, it should take to become drained by cutting open patient’s skin after which filling the opening with packing. Standard treatment for swollen lymph nodes can sometimes include pain relievers and medicine to reduce temperature, for example ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Warm squeezes and elevation might help reduce and solve swelling. If the reason for the swelling is infection, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics or antiviral medicines. For swelling because of malignancy, the therapy may involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. If an individual has an immune disorder, he/she might be medication to assist using the disease.