ABC of Heart failure心脏衰竭

ABC of Heart failure

A brief history of heart failure
1628 William Harvey describes the circulation
1785 William Withering publishes an account of medical
use of digitalis
1819 René Laennec invents the stethoscope
1895 Wilhelm Röntgen discovers x rays
1920 Organomercurial diuretics are first used
1954 Inge Edler and Hellmuth Hertz use ultrasound to
image cardiac structures
1958 Thiazide diuretics are introduced
1967 Christiaan Barnard performs first human heart
transplant
1987 CONSENSUS
I study shows unequivocal survival
benefit of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in
severe heart failure
1995 European Society of Cardiology publishes guidelines
for diagnosing heart failure
The Framingham heart study has been
the most important longitudinal source of
data on the epidemiology of heart failure
Contemporary studies of the epidemiology of heart failure
in United Kingdom
Study Diagnostic criteria
Hillingdon heart failure study
(west London)
Clinical (for example, shortness of
breath, effort intolerance, fluid
retention), radiographic, and
echocardiographic
ECHOES study (West Midlands) Clinical and echocardiographic
(ejection fraction < 40%)
MONICA population
(north Glasgow)
Clinical and echocardiographic
(ejection fraction <30%)
In 1785 William Withering of Birmingham published
an account of medicinal use of digitalis
12
Months
Cumulative probability of death
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Placebo
0.1
Enalapril
Mortality curves from the CONSENSUS
I study
2